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ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ

ꠁꠇꠐꠣ ১১৯,১৯৩,৮৭৭ꠐꠣ ꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠚꠣꠁꠟꠞ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠡꠋꠉ꠆ꠞꠢꠡꠣꠟꠣ ꠎꠣ ꠈꠥꠟꠣꠌꠣ ꠛꠦꠛꠢꠣꠞꠇꠞꠣꠞꠟꠣꠈ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠈꠣꠘꠅ ꠎꠦꠍꠣꠄ ꠅꠛꠖꠣꠘ ꠞꠣꠈꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠛꠣ ⁕

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ꠀꠁꠎꠇꠥꠞ ꠛꠣꠍꠣ ꠍꠛꠤ

Landscape in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine

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ꠀꠁꠎꠇꠥꠞꠞ ꠛꠣꠍꠣ ꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ

A caldera is a large, usually circular volcanic depression formed when magma is withdrawn or erupted from a shallow underground magma reservoir. It is often difficult to visualize how calderas form. In the video a simple experiment using flour, a balloon, tubing, and a bicycle pump provides a helpful visualization to help explain caldera formation.

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ꠅꠋꠡ ꠟꠂꠘ

ꠢꠣꠝꠣꠁꠘ ꠄꠇꠣꠃꠘ ꠔꠂꠀꠞ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ

ꠌꠣꠟꠣꠁꠀ ꠖꠦꠈꠍꠂꠘ ꠘꠤ ?: ꠖꠄꠀꠇꠞꠤ ꠙꠣꠔꠣꠔ ꠕꠥꠇꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠛꠣꠇ꠆ꠡꠐꠤ ꠛꠣ ꠟꠤꠘ꠆ꠇ ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠝꠞꠣꠞ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠣꠢꠇ ꠅꠁꠛꠣꠞ ꠀꠢꠛꠣꠘ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤ ꠅꠞ ⁕
ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ ꠇꠞ꠆ꠞꠣ ꠘꠤ ?: ꠅꠘꠥꠝꠥꠖꠘ ꠡꠋꠡ꠆ꠟꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠔꠁꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤ ꠛꠢꠤꠞ꠆ꠜꠥꠔ ꠛꠦꠛꠢꠣꠞ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠖꠦꠡꠘꠣ ꠙꠠꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠀꠙꠘꠦ ꠍꠛꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠅꠘꠥꠞꠥꠗꠅ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠁꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕
ꠌꠤꠢ꠆ꠘꠤꠔꠇꠞꠘ?: ꠡ꠆ꠞꠦꠘꠤꠛꠖ꠆ꠗ ꠛꠤꠡꠎꠡꠝꠥꠢ ꠍꠣꠠꠣ ꠍꠛꠤ ꠅ ꠝꠤꠒꠤꠎꠣꠉꠥꠟꠧ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠕꠇꠤꠇꠞꠘ ꠅ ꠌꠤꠢ꠆ꠘꠤꠔꠇꠞꠘꠦ ꠡꠢꠣꠎꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠀꠟꠣꠙꠦꠞ ꠙꠣꠔꠣꠎ ꠝꠔꠣꠝꠔꠅ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠔꠦ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕
ꠡ꠆ꠞꠤꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠡꠤꠟ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ꠘꠤ ?: ꠀꠝꠣꠖꠦꠞ ꠎꠦ ꠛꠤꠡꠎꠉꠥꠟꠧꠔꠦ ꠀꠙꠘꠤ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎꠧꠎꠘꠤꠎ ꠅꠛꠖꠣꠘ ꠞꠣꠈꠔꠦ ꠙꠣꠞꠦꠘ ꠡꠦ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇꠦ ꠎꠣꠘꠂꠘ ⁕
ꠀꠞ ꠀꠞꠅ !

Discussion?: See the list of discussion pages.; ꠁ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠇꠟ꠆ꠙꠔ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠇꠤꠟꠣꠘ ꠅꠛꠖꠣꠘ ꠞꠣꠈꠣ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠅꠔꠣꠟꠂꠀ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠞꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠖꠦꠈꠂꠘ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙ꠆ꠞꠖꠣꠄꠅꠞ ꠖꠦꠃꠞꠤ ⁕

ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠇꠝꠘ ꠄꠙ

ꠀꠙꠘꠦ ꠎꠦꠈꠣꠘꠃ ꠎꠣꠁꠘ ꠨ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠙꠇꠟ꠆ꠙꠔ ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠞ ꠍꠛꠤ ꠖꠣꠘ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ꠪ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠇꠝꠘꠔꠣ ꠝꠥꠛꠣꠁꠟ ꠄꠙ ꠒꠣꠃꠘꠟꠃꠒ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕

ꠚꠞ

ꠀꠙꠘꠦ ꠎꠥꠖꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤ ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠔ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠛꠦꠛꠢꠣꠞꠇꠣꠞ꠆ꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠀ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ꠔꠦ ꠛꠤꠡꠄꠜꠤꠔ꠆ꠔꠤꠇ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ, ꠝꠣꠘꠡꠝ꠆ꠝꠔ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ ꠅꠕꠛꠣ ꠝꠥꠟ꠆ꠎꠛꠣꠘ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ ꠛꠤꠜꠣꠉ ꠕꠦꠇꠦ ꠎꠣꠔ꠆ꠞꠣ ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠥꠘ ⁕
ꠀꠝꠞꠣꠞ ꠅꠔ꠆ꠎꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠖꠇ꠆ꠡ ꠌꠤꠔ꠆ꠞꠉ꠆ꠞꠣꠢꠇ ꠀꠞ ꠡ꠆ꠞꠤꠎꠘꠡꠤꠟ ꠃꠙꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠙꠘꠣꠇꠣꠞꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇꠦꠅ ꠎꠣꠘꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠄꠍꠣꠠꠣꠅ ꠀꠙꠘꠦ ꠛꠍꠞꠞ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠌꠤꠔ ꠍꠛꠤꠞ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠉ꠆ꠞꠢꠤ ꠢꠂꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕

ꠛꠤꠡꠄ ꠀꠡꠄ

ꠛꠤꠡꠎꠜꠤꠔ꠆ꠔꠤꠇ

ꠙꠇꠞꠤꠔꠤ

ꠡꠝꠣꠎ ꠡꠋꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠤ

ꠎꠦꠉꠣ ꠛꠥꠏꠤ ꠛꠥꠏꠤ

ꠗꠞꠘ ꠅꠘꠥꠎꠣꠎꠤ

ꠍꠛꠤ

ꠟꠞꠣ

ꠜꠤꠒꠤꠅꠢꠇꠟ

ꠟꠦꠈꠞꠣ/ꠡꠤꠟ꠆ꠙꠤ ꠀꠘꠝꠣꠘ

ꠁꠡ꠆ꠕꠙꠔꠤ

ꠡꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠅꠘꠥꠎꠣꠁ

ꠇꠙꠤꠞꠣꠁꠐꠞ ꠢꠣꠟ

ꠙꠣꠅꠀ ꠡꠥꠔꠞꠀꠘꠝꠣꠘ

ꠙ꠆ꠞꠣꠙ꠆ꠔꠡꠥꠔ꠆ꠞ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ

21 ꠝꠦ ꠔꠣꠞꠤꠈꠞ ꠍꠛꠤ

ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠍꠚꠞ ꠟꠦꠈꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠘꠤꠎꠕꠘꠦ ꠝꠣꠉꠘꠣ ꠟꠦꠈꠞꠣꠖꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠞꠣꠈꠣ ꠅꠄ ꠀꠘꠣꠙꠣꠄꠖꠣꠞ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀ ꠚꠣꠃꠘ꠆ꠒꠦꠡꠘ ꠅ ꠨ ꠎꠦ ꠙꠔꠤꠡ꠆ꠑꠣꠘꠦ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠅꠘꠦꠇꠔꠣ ꠞꠣꠈꠂꠘ ꠅꠘꠦꠇꠎꠣꠔ ꠝꠣꠔꠇꠕꠣꠄ ꠀꠞ ꠝꠣꠉꠘꠣ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠘꠤꠎꠕꠘꠦ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠇꠣꠎ ꠪
ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀ – ꠄꠘ꠆ꠌꠣꠁꠇꠟꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠣꠁꠘ – ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠣꠁꠘ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠛꠁꠀꠁꠘ – ꠛꠁꠀꠁꠘ
ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠈꠛꠞ – ꠈꠛꠞꠣꠁꠘ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠒꠣꠇ – ꠒꠣꠇꠞ ꠇꠕꠣ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠍꠚꠞ – ꠍꠚꠞ
ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠟꠇ – ꠟꠇ ꠕꠥꠇꠣꠘꠤ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠣꠡ꠆ꠡꠣꠟꠣ – ꠢꠤꠈꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠎꠦꠉꠣ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠣꠞ – ꠃꠘ꠆ꠔꠥ ꠎꠣꠘꠥꠀꠞ
ꠁꠘꠇꠤꠃꠛꠦꠐꠞ – ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠝꠣꠁ	ꠝꠦꠐꠣꠃꠁꠇꠤ – ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠘꠤ	ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠒꠣꠐꠣ – ꠔꠁꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠜꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠣꠞ
ꠝꠤꠒꠤꠀꠃꠁꠇꠤ – ꠃꠁꠇꠤ ꠍꠚꠐꠅꠄꠀꠞ	ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣ – ꠢꠇꠟꠔꠣꠞ ꠚꠣꠁꠟꠣꠁꠘ	ꠀꠃꠐꠞꠤꠌ – ꠀꠃꠐꠞꠤꠌ